Articles

The article discusses the history of establishment of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Committee (SASAC), as well as its structure and its formal and real competences. Despite the extent of the powers this authority was granted when established, its actions are restricted through the interests of other actors in the institutional structure. The author studies in detail competences of SASAC regarding the practices of appointment of topmanagers of SOEs, control rights in state enterprise assets and control rights in management of SOEs.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of formation of investment strategies of regional industrial complexes taking into account the impact on production processes. The analysis of the factors influencing the dynamics of investment activity in the Federal districts of the country and regions is carried out. Special attention is paid to the measures of state support reflected in the policy documents aimed at the development of territories, increasing their socio-economic attractiveness, competitiveness and economic independence. The purpose of the article is to identify the main conditions and factors of formation of investment strategies of regional production complexes, to study the potential and prospects for the development of industry under the condition of active regional and Federal support. To achieve these objectives, we studied the growth rates of investment in fixed capital of industrial enterprises, the goals of industrial and investment development in the framework of the target program indicators, presented the distribution of investment per capita by region, as well as a comparative analysis of the actual and planned indicators of investment activity on the example of the far Eastern, southern and Volga Federal districts.

Main methods: dialectical method of cognition of processes in the sphere of economy and social development, method of system analysis, formal logical method. As a result of the study, proposals for improving the state and regional investment policy in the process of formation of investment strategies of regional production complexes are formulated. Conclusions are made about the validity of the measures taken and the preferred tools of support in the process of economic growth of the country.

This article presents the study results of the energy service market in the Republic of Tatarstan, generalized the business model for improving this market. The model revealed the scheme of regulation and management of the market, revealed the interest of business and the benefits of this activity, both for the customer and energy service companies, as well as third parties and the rapid growth of researches in this area. This model performs a number of functions, a management structure that enhances market regulation was developed, as well as its impact; the result of implementation was calculated; internal and external factors that affect the energy service market were highlited. The volume of the energy service market was calculated; the effect of the implementation of our recommendations was calculated.

The first part of the study is devoted to the study of the processes of formation and development of environmental policy in Russia in the imperial and Soviet periods (before 1991). The features of the emergence of environmental traditions in the Russian Empire, characterized by the fragmentation of regulatory measures and a predominantly resource-oriented approach to environmental management, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the system of socialist environmental management in the USSR, including a study of the conceptual foundations of the Soviet environmental doctrine, institutional mechanisms of environmental protection activities and contradictions between the declared principles of rational environmental management and the practice of extensive industrial development. The key factors in the transformation of approaches to environmental protection at various stages of the Soviet period are identified, and the influence of ideological attitudes on the formation of the state's environmental policy is analyzed. The study demonstrates the evolution from episodic environmental measures of the imperial period to the formation of a centralized system of environmental management in the Soviet era.

The process of transit of state power in the history of Russia has repeatedly taken place in conditions of crisis: full-scale or intra-elite. Weak expression of the institutions accompanying this process led to personal struggle between contenders for power. This led to the use of "cancellation mechanisms" of this or that contender. The objectives of this article are: to identify the conditions in which the need arose to use "cancellation mechanisms"; to show the tools of "cancellation"; to point out the results that the use of this tool led to. To solve these problems, the case method was used. The authors selected the most illustrative of the situations of power transit in the USSR. To identify and describe the "cancellation mechanisms", the methods of institutional, semantic and semiotic analysis were used. The analysis conducted by the authors confirmed the original hypothesis about the weakness of the institutions of power transit. In each of the first two cases of transit (the 1920s and 1950s), this struggle between the contenders turned into a "zero-sum game". It ended with one of the "successors" gaining full power and the complete loss of political positions by all the others - their symbolic "cancellation". In the last of the cases considered, M.S. Gorbachev took steps to make it more difficult for "successors" to appear, but was unable to resist the process in which he himself, along with his decorative successors, was "cancelled" by the self-proclaimed successor - B.N. Yeltsin.

Digitalization is one of the key elements of the development of the control system. For the local level, the introduction of digital technologies and the formation of a culture of digitalization is heterogeneous, due to the digital inequality of municipalities. The article is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework and practical tools for the digitalization of municipal control. The purpose of the study is to identify gaps, collisions and other problematic aspects of digitalization of an administrative and technical nature. Federal legislation and strategic planning documents do not contain provisions that separate municipal control from the system of public control. There are also no separate provisions regarding the introduction of digital tools in urban and rural areas. Based on the analysis of the websites of the cities-administrative centers of the federal districts, the author comes to the conclusion about the incompleteness of providing information on the use of digital tools in municipal control and the average level of convenience of these sites for the user. To assess the effectiveness of digitalization and digital municipal control, it is necessary to develop new criteria that replace the "stick" quantitative indicators.

The third part of the article is devoted to the approaches of Russian jurisprudence to conceptualization of the functions of the state, to classification of states and to the explanation of the state origin. The author demonstrates that identifying functions of the state as a component of legal reality or in regard to this reality is quite complicated. He notes that legal theory classifies states in a mainly non-judicial manner, and shows the difficulties in classifying states as legal phenomena. The article considers the problems in theorizing on the state origin, caused by the flaws in the state conceptualization outlined in the previous parts of the article (namely, non-legal understanding of the state, mixing different meanings of the word “state”, extrapolating modern state features over the past epochs).

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of political marketing as a complex interdisciplinary phenomenon located at the intersection of theories of mass communications, electoral behavior and market regulation. The author analyzes in detail the historical development of political marketing from ancient forms of propaganda and agitation to modern practices of using digital technologies and social networks in political communication. Special attention is paid to the changing role of marketing tools in the context of the democratization of society and the growing competition between political actors. The dual nature of political marketing is noted, which manifests itself simultaneously as a technology for mobilizing the electorate and as a tool for long-term influence on the political consciousness of citizens and the formation of their identities. An important part of the article is the analysis of controversial issues regarding the limits of acceptable influence on the audience, including consideration of ethical issues and the differences between informing and manipulating public consciousness. Using bibliometric analysis, the author systematizes data on the development of this scientific field, revealing the dynamics of the publication activity of Russian researchers and noting the lack of representation of their work in international scientific databases. It is concluded that it is necessary to involve new approaches from the fields of cognitive psychology, digital sociology, as well as studying the influence of algorithmic technologies and artificial intelligence on political communication in the study of political marketing. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of enhancing transparency and responsibility of political marketing to society, especially in the context of global digitalization and the mediatization of political processes. A promising area of further research is the study of mechanisms for countering disinformation and the development of ethical standards for digital political communication.

The article analyzes the involvement of the regional public chambers of the Central Federal District in the Vkontakte social network and their readiness for a digital dialogue with the population. The main research hypothesis was the assumption that the publications of regional public chambers are a significant platform for the effective expression of public opinion, as well as for a transparent dialogue between the state and society. During the analysis, it was found that in the social network Vkontakte there are publics of 17 out of 18 regional public chambers, the number of subscribers in which does not exceed 1% of the population of the regions. At the same time, residents of the regions do not know anything about the activities of their regional chambers, and there is no purposeful activity to involve users of the social network. There are both leaders in information openness (regional public chambers of the Belgorod, Kaluga, Tula and Lipetsk regions, the city of Moscow) and outsiders in the information content of public sites on the Vkontakte social network (regional public chambers of the Kostroma, Orel, Ryazan, Tver and Yaroslavl regions). The monitoring has shown that there are certain positive relationships between the information openness of the communities of regional public chambers and the activity of their chairmen. For all 6 quantitative parameters: 1) total number of likes; 2) the total number of views; 3) the total number of comments; 4) the average number of likes; 5) the average number of views; 6) the average number of comments) the subscribers of the ROP communities of Moscow, the ROP of the Tula region and the ROP of the Moscow region are the most active. At the same time, according to their own activity (the number of entries), these regional public chambers are in 3rd, 4th and 9th places, respectively, that is, in the first half of the activity rating. A low level of feedback is observed in the ROP groups of the Tver region and the ROP of the Kostroma region, which are on the 13th and 17th places, respectively, in the rating of the asset of the communities of regional public chambers in the VKontakte social network. The monitoring demonstrated a significant potential for organizing a digital dialogue between the population and the state through regional public chambers.

Based on a review of the research literature, the article identifies and analyzes the “instrumental failures” of four key financial support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – guarantees, concessional loans, subsidies, and grants. It introduces the concept of an “instrumental failure” and develops a typology of conditions that drive government intervention off course: excessive or insufficient guarantee coverage, undifferentiated fees, overly low concessional rates, disproportionate subsidies and grants, a high share of refinancing, and repeated (“serial”) beneficiaries. The study’s practical significance lies in the specific remedies it proposes for each failure —ranging from an optimal guarantee-coverage band of 50–80 percent to floating fees and quotas for smaller firms —thereby providing a foundation for more precisely calibrated SME-support programs and greater efficiency in public spending.