Moscow University Public Administration Bulletin. 2020. 4.

The article analyzes the reasons and results of the management reform of Soviet football in 1959. Attention is focused on specific organizational measures for reforming the national championship. The use of econometric models based on the experience of Soviet football in 1960–1990 showed that the innovations were mostly positive and became one of the reasons for the success of the USSR national team in the first half of the 1960s, as well as a rollback from the principles of reform — the failures of the Soviet team in the 1970s. The use of artificial intelligence methods confirmed the conclusions of econometric analysis, and made it possible to reliably assess the international results of Soviet football in the second half of the 1950s, leading to the need for reform.

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of higher education in the digital economy, in particular, to the possibilities of using blockchain technology in universities. The proliferation of modern information technologies has a serious impact on the essence of the processes in which they are being implemented, as a result of this, causing changes in the organizational structure, regulations and qualification requirements. In this regard, it seems relevant to analyze the blockchain — a technology that is new for the education sector and has, according to a number of experts, high potential. The article examines the mechanism of blockchain, the main components of the blockchain in the educational process of the university, and also provides a detailed analysis of the bene this and risks of these technologies. The main advantages of the blockchain are the decentralized storage of data and the impossibility of changing or deleting them, which is especially relevant due to the increase in the volume of data, accelerated by the massive transition to distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Limitations of the use of blockchain are: problems associated with ensuring the security of the use of the blockchain (from a technological point of view), insu cient public awareness of the essence of the blockchain, as well as its frequent negative perception (due to the erroneous equating of this technology exclusively to mining and operations with cryptocurrency). At the same time, the use of blockchain in universities seems promising, in view of the general trend of digitalization of education and the development of digital educational organizations (organizations in which intermediary structures are replaced by algorithms and information systems), but at this stage it will be limited to certain areas related to the organization of storage of large data array.

The digital economy is a relatively new phenomenon. Scientists began discussing the concept of the digital economy at the end of the 20th century and are still discussing. But digital technologies are developing so rapidly and are so rapidly being introduced into all spheres of life of the world community that it can be argued that the digital economy, understood by specialists either in a broad or in a narrow sense, is an established fact. Russia cannot ignore global technological trends, since today it is already obvious that “digital” has begun to determine the international competitiveness of not only individual companies, but entire industries and even countries. The Russian tourism and hospitality industry is international in nature. It is prone to digitalization, because it wants to satisfy the needs of even the most discerning tourists from countries with a developed tourism industry. At the same time, forcing the digital economy is associated with serious socio-political risks. The article analyzes the views of representatives of science, business and society on the problem of the development of the digital economy in Russia, studies the level of trust of the Russian society in digital innovations and the level of preparedness for their use. Particular attention is paid to technological innovation in the tourism and hospitality industry.

Despite the substantial number of studies devoted to color revolutions, there is no common approach to understanding this geopolitical phenomenon in the modern scientific discourse. Interpretations of the essence of color revolutions can di er dramatically: from a spontaneous uprising of the masses to the use of special technology by the United States to overthrow political regimes. For the first time in Russian historiography this article presents a systematic analysis of various theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of color revolutions. The key issue is the ratio of endogenous and exogenous factors that led to the color revolutions. The scientific works of leading domestic and foreign experts on this problem are considered. The authors come to the conclusion that applied research of color revolutions in the works of both foreign and domestic scientists is carried out from different positions. Discourse about the endogenous origins of color revolutions prevails in the Western scientific world, while many Russian researchers consider external in uences to be their primary cause. According to the author’s concept, it was external factors that played a key role in the origin of the color revolutions, because it was the technologies of the so power of the United States and its allies that became the key reasons and, at the same time, tools for carrying out these operations to dismantle political regimes in the beginning of the XXI century.

The current study, based on a qualitative analysis of sociological and statistical data, tries to evaluate the scale of the crisis of institutional trust in modern American society, as well as scientific validity and heuristic value of applying the theoretical model of a “deeply divided society” to characterize the modern situation in the United States of America. The “deeply divided society” model, with rare exceptions, had been usually applied to countries and regions experiencing an early stage of nation-building and establishing of the democratic institutions after the end of the civil war, liberation from colonial dependence, political dictatorship or apartheid. The model is rarely applied to developed democracies, such as the United States, with the exception of specific regions or historical periods of their development (Southern states at the time of racial segregation), which testifies in favor of the scientific novelty of the presented study. It also highlights the key directions of academic discussion on the topic and indicates the problems embedded in a number of theoretical and empirical models, as well as clarifies the key terms. It also tries to put these and other related issues in perspective, both domestic and international.

The article deals with the specifics of improving the mechanism of public administration aimed at ensuring economic security in the conditions of digitalization of the economy and society, global technological and social transformations. The article analyzes the concept of “economic security” based on the works of scientists and legal acts, defines the tasks of the mechanism for ensuring economic security. These tasks related to ensuring economic security are directly solved by the Security Council of the Russian Federation and the Interdepartmental security Commission under the Security Council of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the national program “Digital economy” as a tool of public administration is one of the ways to ensure economic security in the context of the development of digital technologies in all spheres of public life. The digital economy and digitalization of society impose new requirements on the competencies of specialists in the labor market, their knowledge and skills, which exacerbates competition and demonstrates the emergence of new threats and challenges to economic security. In this regard, the article considers both the dynamics of the number of employees by level of education, 2009–2019, as well as the level of education and professional training of the population of the Russian Federation. Transformation in digital technologies requires a significant increase in the use of results of intellectual activity in the Russian Federation and the development of regional innovative clusters around the country. Based on statistical data, the features of using the results of intellectual activity in the Russian Federation are revealed. The author analyzes modern institutions for supporting the mechanism of ensuring economic security in the Russian Federation and comes to the conclusion that it needs to be improved taking into account the new threats and challenges posed by digitalization.

The article is dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the establishment of the Russian President o ce to be celebrated in 2021. Besides, in 2020, his immediate predecessors, the office of the USSR President, on the one hand, and the office of the Chairman of the RSFSR Supreme Council, on the other hand, would celebrate the same anniversary. the latter office is in its turn relative to the office of the USSR Supreme Council Chairman, first elected in 1989. Thus, three decades ago, our country was in the middle of the chain of events and measures aimed at transferring the functions of the head of state back to a sole leader.

The initial concentration of powers in the office of the President had been followed by a long sequence of constitutional and statutory amendments that involved significant expansion of his powers. Numerous changes had been proceeding in parallel through the following three decades. The transformation of the original concept of presidency manifested primarily in the shift of the RF President’s position within the system of separation of powers, as well as in the set of legal liability measures applicable to the President. However, in the bulk of changes in the constitutional arrangements that took place in 2020 one can see both the continuing trend to enhance the President’s position within the federal government and a recurrence to the ideas that used to be part of the original design of the USSR and of the RSFSR presidencies, but were rejected later on in the RF Constitution of 1993.

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