Moscow University Public Administration Bulletin. 2022. 1.

The article is devoted to the study of design thinking as a new approach used by modern companies to solve problems of various levels of complexity (and their comprehension), and the implementation of favorable opportunities. It presents a retrospective view on the development of design thinking, identifies priority sectors of its application, and reviews the definitions of the concept by leading researchers. It is shown that designers in the modern economy are beginning to play an increasingly important strategic role. This is due to the fact that the twenty-first century is becoming a century of constant innovation, and innovation for companies is becoming a survival strategy. The article provides a comparative description of two approaches (methods) to managerial decision-making (business thinking and design thinking) and discloses an algorithm for applying each of them on a specific example. The stages of the design thinking process (empathy, analysis, and synthesis, generation of ideas, prototyping, testing, storytelling) are singled out and a brief description of each of them is given. Particular attention is paid to the justification of the need to form a cross-functional team to achieve results, shows its participation in the implementation of a specific project, and formulates questions to improve the effectiveness of teamwork in business. The author analyzes the experience of applying design thinking in a particular company, which allowed it to take a leading position in its segment of the global market. It is concluded that design thinking helps company managers to rethink the essence of business, better understand the needs of their customers, identify the most profitable niches and implement appropriate innovative projects.

The article is devoted to the managerial ideas of G.P. Maksimov, one of the most famous theorists of Russian anarchism in the late 1910s - 1930s. The author examines the concept of a "transition period" to an imperious society, developed by Maximov in the late 1920s in his work "Constructive Anarchism". For this model of socio-political structure, it was assumed that the elements of power would be preserved in a decentralized form, transferred to the elected bodies of industrial and territorial self-government of workers. The author analyzes the origins of Maximov's concept and its role in the development of the anarchist current of world social thought.

The main strategic resource of the current development is human capital which accumulates all the intellectual, physiological labor and social potential of people, the possibility of using it to ensure a sustainable trend in the economic system development in conditions of constant turbulence, increasing uncertainty, and increasing technological progress.

The goal of the study is to assess the state of human capital at the regional level, to identify trends and factors of its formation with subsequent implementation in the regional development strategy at the stage of transition to the sixth technological order. To achieve the goal of the study, a number of tasks are formulated in the work: to determine the trends in the use of human capital as a factor in the innovative development of the economy, to assess the structural elements that form the basis of human capital, to determine the reflection of the processes of human capital formation in strategic and innovative plans for the development of territories.

The subject of the study is the economic relations arising in the process of formation and use of human capital in the development of regional economic systems at the stage of formation of the sixth technological order.

The main results of the study are to assess the state of human capital formed and used at the regional level in the context of its main components, to determine the main reasons for the high differentiation of the level of its formation in the conditions of the multistructural nature of the Russian economy. The scope of the results obtained is determined by the possibilities of forming strategic programs for regional development, taking into account human potential and the need to equalize the socio-economic situation of the territories.

The article focuses on the main trends in the formation of the institution of local self-government in the Rostov region in the early 1990s. The growing role of local administration in solving important issues of socio-economic development of the country and its regions at the present stage determines the relevance of the topic. Effective improvement of local self-government is possible only on the basis of the study historical experience of reforms and transformations. Using existing scientific researches the author develop own “stageization” of the process of transforming the system of government departments into local self-government authorities in the considered period. As a result of using an historical-comparative, historical-dynamic and retrospective research methods it was possible to determine the key characteristics of each stage and the main problems solved at each of them. The author installed the process of the formation of federal legislation on local self-government and its impact on the creation of a regional legislation in the Rostov region. It is concluded that the system of local self-government built in the Rostov region was organizationally consistent with constitutional principles. It is necessary to further study the problem with the expansion of the range of sources, which will highlight the most promising  directions for the development of local self-government and, possibly, will be of practical interest for modern public authorities.

The testimony of a participant of the international commission of forensic medical experts, Bulgarian doctor A.M. Markov, about his business trip to the Smolensk region, to the place of mass graves in the Katyn forest, where the German special services exhumed and identified the corpses of Polish officers shot, allegedly in the spring of 1940. The purpose that the German authorities set before this commission was to confirm the validity of the conclusions of German experts about the three-year-old execution and burial of prisoners of war, as well as the results of the identification of corpses.

Markov records the fact that he was forced to take part in the work of this commission. Informs about the personal composition of the commission and its relocation to the place of work in Smolensk, familiarization with the site of excavation of graves, the examination of corpses by German specialists and the working conditions of the commission.

At the site of the excavation of the graves, the German forensic expert Butz was in charge of everything. The exhumation and identification work carried out in the Katyn forest and the results of the inspection of the graves are described, the members of the commission are familiarized with the stories of a group of local residents presented as witnesses to the executions by the NKVD of the USSR, a visit to the premises where work was carried out with documents found with corpses that served as evidence of 3-year-old burials, which seemed doubtful to Markov. At the second visit to the graves, the members of the commission carried out studies of the corpses. At this time, doubts about the German version of the execution of Markov intensified, which was facilitated by Dr. Orzos' attempt to back up the conclusions of German experts with his own experience. The condition of the young trees presented to the commission from the burial site further reinforced these doubts. Czech forensic expert Gayek had similar doubts. As a result, A.M. Markov did not sign the protocol prepared by the German side and participate in propaganda events designed to confirm the German version of the Katyn graves.