Articles

The article examines the evolution of the domestic system of soft power and public diplomacy. The activity of the institutions created in the years of existence of the USSR and the structures that appeared in the new Russia is considered. It is argued that the Soviet Union had a developed system of external cultural relations. After the actual inaction associated with the collapse of the country and the difficult socio-economic situation, the issue of soft power came to the attention of the authorities only in the second half of the 2000s. The institutional structure of the soft power of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation and its development prospects are analyzed.

The article analyzes the policy of the extraordinary central government body, the Committee for the operational management of the national economy of the USSR, aimed at containing the crisis of the Soviet Union’s economy. In the course of his work, contradictions emerged in the positions of sovereign and then independent republics, which have a significant impact on the mutual relations of countries in the post-soviet space to this day. The main tasks of the Committee was the adjustment of the fuel and energy complex and the overcoming of food shortages. To solve them, both command-administrative and market methods were used, but in order to achieve the desired result, it was necessary to bridge the gap in economic ties between the republics. The results of the study showed that, despite some successes in this direction, it was not possible to achieve the restoration of the unity of the national economic complex, primarily because of the position of the political leadership of Ukraine and the RSFSR.

The article discusses the functions of the RSFSR Gosplan, its relations with the USSR Gosplan, the RSFSR Government, ministries and departments of the RSFSR. On the basis of archival materials, a conclusion is made about the objective nature of the interdepartmental disagreements of the national economic bodies of the RSFSR. Attempts to resolve conflicts between the RSFSR Gosplan and republican sectoral departments are shown on a number of concrete examples, and the high authority of the State Planning Committee in resolving economic issues is demonstrated.

The article deals with the cooperation between the Moscow Administration and City Council during the December armed uprising. This subject is of great importance in context of the relations of power and public of the Russian Empire in the crisis situations. The author examines the activities of the members of the Council, retaliatory measures of the Administration and the results of this partnership. The author draws to the conclusion that as a result of the struggle between radical groups at the sessions of the Council, busyness of the Administration with suppression of the uprising and its reluctance to mitigate the repressive sanctions the role of the state body wasn’t meaningful in December of 1905.

Digital transformations in the field of entrepreneurship are gaining momentum. The philosophy of entrepreneurship, and business development depends on the way we perceive digitalization (as technology or as a new business model).

This article presents the results of research on the business digitalization perspectives and problems caused by it. On the one hand, digital technologies are a basis for innovation and entrepreneurship development; on the other hand, they lead to market monopolization. The article deals with the problems of the digital economy as a new formation looking at it through the prism of doing business. The objective of this research is to identify possible business growth areas by using digital technologies.

The general scientific and special methods, such as semantic analysis techniques, retrospective analysis, and statistical survey methods, were chosen as the scientific tools for this study. The information basis of the study is the statistics and analytical developments of the World Economic Forum, Higher School of Economics and of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The theoretical and methodological ground of this research is the works by both classics and contemporary representatives of scientific thought. J. Stiglitz, C. Pissarides, K. Albrecht, Wennekers and Thurik and others, as well as methods of assessing information and digital technologies implementation in the economy.

As an issue to be debated, this study proposes a discussion of the digitalization opportunities and threats, with a view to neutralize the latter.

The term “continuing education” does not have a universal definition: there are several dozen of its definitions in Russian and foreign literature in which the nature of continuing education comes down to its determination either as an educational system or as a process. In addition, several approaches can be given to the definition of the continuous education essence; each approach takes one or another facet of the essence of continuing education, around which the corresponding theories are built, into the center of analysis. The author also correlated with the term “continuous education” such concepts as “continuous education”, “lifelong learning”, “adult education”, “continuing professional education”, and “additional education”.

The article is devoted to the development of deliberative democracy model. The author explores classic and modern theoretical approaches to the origins of deliberative process, highlights its substantive characteristics, and describes conditions under which it could be possible to implement this model in dayto-day political practice.

The article considers the historical background and modern features of the Orthodox youth movement in Russia. It is noted that prototype of the modern Orthodox youth movement were associations, aroused in Russia on the eve of the Revolution and first post-Revolution years and continued their activities in emigration (particularly, the Brotherhood of St. Sophia). Features, typical for the Orthodox youth movement: combination of active social work, reliance on detached initiative of members with canonic principle of subordination to the hierarchy.

The article considers the last congress of the CPSU as an important event in the history of this organization. This congress was held in the context of the intensification of the crisis of the USSR. Under these circumstances, the CPSU’s refusal from the constitutional status of the ruling party was due not so much to the opposition’s pressure, but to the rational aspiration of the party elite to absolve itself of responsibility for the crisis. This congress, despite its «democratic» entourage (the presence of representatives of various party factions, radical changes in the highest party bodies, the adoption of a «social-democratic» program, etc.), is assessed as a meeting of the communist elite concerned for its political future. Despite the harsh criticism of Gorbachev leaders, the XXVIII Congress was marked by a compromise of the elite of the CPSU. But if in a tactical way this congress ended successfully for the party elite, then in the strategic perspective this forum predetermined the rapid historical defeat of the CPSU.

This article studies the factors that can limit sovereignty (other sovereignties, international law and international organizations, transnational companies, etc.) and discussion in the scientific community on this issue. The impact of the process of globalization on sovereignty is also investigated in this paper. The process of globalization, although it is limiting sovereignty of state (especially in the economic sphere) does not lead to the loss of sovereignty, since it is the states that prove to be the most effective instruments to overcome various crises (for example, financial and economic ones) and the creation of a system of universal governance is impossible without existence of effective states. Thus, sovereignty continues to be an important part of the system of international relations, remaining at the forefront of political and scientific discourse.