Petrunin Yuri Yurievich

The article analyzes the reasons and results of the management reform of Soviet football in 1959. Attention is focused on specific organizational measures for reforming the national championship. The use of econometric models based on the experience of Soviet football in 1960–1990 showed that the innovations were mostly positive and became one of the reasons for the success of the USSR national team in the first half of the 1960s, as well as a rollback from the principles of reform — the failures of the Soviet team in the 1970s. The use of artificial intelligence methods confirmed the conclusions of econometric analysis, and made it possible to reliably assess the international results of Soviet football in the second half of the 1950s, leading to the need for reform.

The subject of the study in this article is education as a dynamic system, an institution for promoting socialization, functioning in a specific sociocultural context. The purpose of the study is to determine the key elements of an educational system adequate to the needs of the contemporary society. The authors employ a trans-disciplinary methodology based on the principles of consistency, evolutionism, historicism, dialectics and general scientific methodology. The study is based on the idea of education as a technology of public consciousness programming, a process of cultural production according to the demands of a specific society.

The educational system creates and appraises various techniques for shaping a certain image of the world and a person within it, a person within society, elaborates the principles of individual identity. Educational reforms are driven by historic challenges, political and economic transformations impossible without a shift in public consciousness. School becomes a sort of laboratory for social experimentation, testing the importance of innovations for society, the possibility of answering the new challenges and the potential risks. Based on the analysis of education in the Enlightenment project of industrial society the authors identify the foundations for a modern education model and the factors that determine the necessity of a transformation in higher and secondary school systems and in pedagogical practices.

The article reveals the reasons for the increasing interest of researchers in business models. The article notes a certain coincidence in the approaches to the analysis of business models. The article shows that business model-transforming innovations are a more important source of competitive advantage in comparison with product innovations. The article summarizes the most used approaches to the analysis of business models and reveals their General drawback. The authors of the article identified two groups of criteria that must be taken into account for the correct identification of strategic business units and development of their own strategy for each of them. The paper proves that the starting point in the formation of a business model is the choice of a competitive strategy and reveals the relationship between the business strategy and the business model. The article reveals various approaches to the development of competitive strategies, a significant part of which is undervalued in the science and practice of business. The authors focus on the importance of taking into account critical (key) success factors when forming a business model.

The article examines the perception of an office romance by students studying in the specialty “public administration”, based on a sociological survey 2018–2019. The data obtained are analyzed in Statistica and WIZWHY programs using nonparametric statistics and artificial intelligence methods. The study found statistically significant influences of gender, work experience, and possible power status of the respondent on the perception of an office romance. For female respondents, the perception of an office romance is dominated by cautiously conservative organizational-centrist feelings and assessments. The respondent’s affiliation with employees (not managers), as well as the presence of work experience, is accompanied by a tendency towards a liberal, “personcentered” perception of an office romance, its moral justification. A woman’s leadership role increases awareness of the importance of gender differences at work / service. Th ere is also a slight difference between the sexes in respondents’ perception of female discrimination at work.

The article is devoted to the interpretation of conceptual approaches (market and resource) to the formation of competitive advantages of companies. The key features of the classic business environment and the prerequisites on which the market and resource approaches are based are formulated. The differences were revealed between two opposite approaches to competition (according to Porter) — “to be the best” or “to be unique”. The limitedness of the “being the best” approach is shown, and it is proved that strategy is responsible for the uniqueness (of a product or method), and uniqueness is achieved through innovation. Attention is drawn to the fact that companies make strategic choices simultaneously in the space of results and in the space of risks, so this can lead to both success and failure (this is the essence of the strategic paradox). And the conclusion was made that the more extreme (extreme) strategies the company adheres to, the greater the strategic risk it takes upon itself, and this can lead to both obtaining large profits and ending in bankruptcy. Michael Raynor’s rationale is given that companies seeking to avoid risk (implementing hybrid strategies) make a choice in favor of lower profits (in favor of mediocrity), but this statement in some cases does not find confirmation in reality. It has been proven in practice that if a company manages to quickly move from one wave of competitive advantage to another, then it can maintain a sustainable competitive advantage for a long time; an algorithm for such a transition is presented.

The article is devoted to the concept of history of management thought of professor V.I. Marshev. The article analyzes in detail Marshev's book "History of Management Thought. Genesis and Development from Ancient Origins to the Present Day». The article highlights the philosophical, methodological, epistemological and genre features of this book. The article analyzes in detail the problem of demarcation of the history of managerial thought. The article reveals the relationship of various management disciplines: management, public administration, cybernetics, operations research, etc. The article proposes and substantiates a network model of general management science.