Articles

The article defines the role of the management structure of Soviet football in the 1950s. The chronological frameworks are two Olympic tournaments in 1952 and 1956, in which the Soviet football team took part. In four years, the team has gone from the team lost already at the second stage of the tournament, which is certainly regarded as a failure, to the Olympic triumph of Soviet football in Melbourne. 

The 1952 Olympics were the first serious test of strength for Soviet sport in general and football in particular. Soviet athletes had the opportunity to demonstrate their results side by side with competitors, many of whom were representatives of capitalist countries. This was a great opportunity to show the advantages of the Soviet way of life and the level of training for the whole world. But the idea of the level of the football team of the USSR, concerning other countries, the coaches and in management circles, was quite weak. Therefore, the Soviet team failed to prepare properly.

This paper highlights the reasons that prevented the Soviet football team to successfully perform at their first Olympics, as well as how effective was the management system of Soviet football, at a time when it should draw conclusions and analyze the mistakes in preparation for the next major tournament. Despite the fact that many researchers of this topic are inclined to a critical assessment of the management system of Soviet football, the author notes its flexibility and the possibility for further progress, which is directly marked by the results in the international arena.

First of all, the increase of the services sector share in GDP and employed share in this sector force to determinate the concept of service and to identify its essential characteristics. In addition, there is a period of accumulation of human capital in the modern economy now. As a result, the concept of service should be completed by educational component. 

The purpose of the article is to determine the place and the essence of lifelong education in the service system. As a result of this research, educational services are the actions to provide an education to individuals, enterprises and organizations by transferring knowledge, skills and by educating individuals and population. 

The article examines the ideological origins and causes of the Ural Republic creation movement at the turn of 1980–1990. Debates unfolded in this period were stimulated the search of ways overcoming the crisis phenomena in the political system of the USSR and after its collapse — for Russia. One of the result of the discussions was the idea of dividing Russia into several parts, supported by the leaders of various social movements. Ural activists, referring to the pre-Soviet past, borrowed the symbols and rhetoric of the Ural and Siberian oblasts, which were supporting the broad regional autonomy. A key element of the ideology underlying of the Ural Republic creation movement was the idea of the need to overcome the national-territorial nature of the state structure, to proclaim the equality of the Russian Federation subjects and to move to the «territorial basis of state structure and administration».

In November and December of 1941 the German army was able to capture Caucasus oil fields and objects of the Soviet petroleum industry. To prevent the capture, People’s Commissariat of Petroleum Industry developed methods and instructions of the liquidation. Successful counter-offensive of the Red Army postponed plans of the liquidation. In 1942 the oilfields of Caucasus were in danger again. The Government of USSR had to destroy them to prevent the capture by German army. It was necessary to find effective methods of destruction so that the enemy could not restore the oil production. The article is dedicated to interaction between People’s Commissariat of Petroleum Industry, army and NKVD on the elimination of Caucasus petroleum objects.

The article discusses the process of adoption by the Federal Assembly of a law on the election of deputies of the Second State Duma. This law, which became an integral part of the Russian electoral legislation of the 1990s, suddenly became the subject of political disagreement. The conflict was initiated by Duma deputies elected from political associations who wanted to reserve all the electoral opportunities that had been granted by the President in 1993. Defending electoral legislation in its original form, party leaders used various procedural tricks to pass the law they needed. However, such tactics, as well as fundamental differences between the State Duma and the Federation Council, whose deputies saw the electoral legislation differently, only aggravated the conflict. However, such tactics, as well as fundamental differences between deputies of the State Duma and the Council of the Federation, who had different ideas about electoral legislation, only aggravated the conflict. The president, who initially initiated the adjustment of electoral legislation, although he did not agree with the deputies of the Duma, was an arbitrator in this conflict, but was not an active participant. As a result, the conflicting parties managed to reach a compromise and coordinate their interests. The author positively assesses the consensus reached with the help of parliamentary mechanisms, but he believes that the results of this political deal have been devalued in the context of the general crisis in the country.

Due to the pace of modern life, rapid development of information technologies, constant changes of internal and external environments, and other factors it is necessary for the majority of Russian cities and regions to find their own unique cultural and economic niche, as well as to use geobranding methodology. The article is dedicated to the nature, genesis and the best practices of this marketing instrument, which is essential for Russian realities. The city of Murmansk, which represents the Arctic zone of Russia, provides a detailed and illustrative example of the potential of the specific geobrand. The main focus of the given recommendations of the development of Murmansk geobrand is directed into the spheres of the state economic policies in our country today.

Development of the Russian film industry is capable to have a considerable impact on increase in appeal of regions of the country. However, this cultural resource is mastered at the regional level insufficiently in comparison with the existing world practices. It does the presented material relevant. The purpose of article is consideration of the possible directions of interaction of the organizations of film production, film advance, a film screening and regions of Russia on formation, development and use of partner resources. Use of resources of cinema both on level of production, and at the level of a hire, is capable to increase the appeal of the environment of the region in various directions. Participation of regional budgets, local business at all stages of film process create additional conditions both for production and a hire of cinema, and for social and economic development of the region. The possible effect of these processes is still underestimated by opportunities of increase in investment attractiveness, regional competitiveness due to increase in level of recognition and formation of identity of the cities. Creation of more comfortable cultural and service environment thanks to a factor of involvement of economic entities of the film industry demands development of special approaches. The specifics of use of resources of the regional film commissions and regional service companies as economic and institutional agents of the film industry are considered by production of film products. Use of regional Film Festivals as potential and real events on advance of an image of regions, promotes increase in appeal of image of the territory and their locations. The concept on influence of the film industry on formation of positive recognizable image of regions is developed. The offered universal algorithm can be used when developing a strategy for development, advancement and implementation of regional programs in the sphere of culture, tourism and education based on the principles of national and regional identity.

The article considers the evolution of internal control and audit in public governance sector of developed countries, based on the INTOSAI standards and the publications of IMF, OECD and European Union, and on the documents regulating the internal audit in British ministries and agencies including their complicated network of subordinate organizations. This topic is very relevant, because in recent years, significant changes have occurred in this area. The author defines the substance of the concept of internal control and audit in the ministry or agency (including the central office and the subordinate network) according to the INTOSAI standards, analyses two main models of internal control’s institutional structure (i.e. the decentralized system basing on the internal audit services and the centralized system basing on the financial inspections) and the main direction of these models’ evolution. Then, EU countries with single and dual systems are identified and principles for interaction of internal audit services and financial inspections in countries with dual systems are specified. In addition, it is stated that it is necessary to establish the central harmonization unit which develops the uniform standards, methodology, model documents for internal control and audit, qualification criteria and training programs for internal auditors. The article describes in detail the system currently operating in the UK, which includes several intra-/interministerial or intra-/interagency internal audit services for one group of ministries and agencies and a central government internal audit service for another group of ministries and agencies. Based on a study of the experience of developed countries, conclusions are drawn on possible ways to increase the efficiency of internal control and audit in Russia’s public governance.

This article attempts to analyze the process of institutionalization of entrepreneurship in conjunction with the formation of a new economic culture during the transition from the command-administrative system to the market one. Such an approach makes it possible to take a fresh look at the problem of the formation of human capital in one of the main subjects of economic relations — the entrepreneur. The article describes the main types of entrepreneurs, discusses the conditions in which the successive formation of three waves took place, and determined the deterrent factors for the development of an economic culture among entrepreneurs. The thesis confirms the signif icant role of cultural factors in economic development. The article concludes that there is no necessary interconnection between these processes in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

The relevance of this study is confirmed by the experience of advanced economies, which have moved from the traditional state industrial policy to the application of the cluster approach to the management of spatial development in order to overcome modern economic challenges and constraints. The aim of the study is to analyze theoretical content and implementation experience of the cluster approach. For this purpose, the authors consider various approaches to the concepts of cluster and cluster policy used in modern Russian economic science; the world and domestic experience of the cluster approach application in the practice of spatial development management is analyzed. The authors propose their approach to the concepts of a cluster of «nuclear» type, a specialized distributed cluster and a «neighbor» cluster, including a description of their role in the spatial development of territories.