Articles

The submitted article is focused on the potential use of history as an instrument of political governance. The author gives a review of the evolution of historical politics as a socio-political phenomenon and its theoretical understanding in modern political science. The key topic of the submitted paper is the ethnic aspects of historical politics. The author reveals the content of the main narratives of historical politics, which are often addressed by various ethnic groups in the process of nation-building. The speech is about the inquiry about the “golden age” of the history, the sacralization of the national suffering, the linking of the history with ancient civilizations, etc. Finally, it is put wise of the ways of raising the level of politicization of ethnicity caused by a variety of historical narratives.

The author presents the Kazakhstan’s experience in the development of agricultural insurance and suggests crucial ways to improve its effectiveness. Kazakhstan has made a transition from the mandatory form of agricultural insurance with state subsidization of insurance payments to the voluntary form based on the index method with state subsidization of insurance premiums. The author notes that in the conditions of digital transformation of economies, new directions are opening up for managing the development of insurance relations in agriculture. The possibilities of accumulating, storing, transmitting and processing statistical information arrays with low costs can be used to improve insurance products for agricultural producers and increase the efficiency of spending budget funds aimed at supporting the development of insurance in the industry. Due to the agriculture specifics insurance relations cannot develop effectively without state participation. Close cooperation between the state and business in the field of risk management in agriculture is necessary.

The subject of the research is the process of developing government decisions in Russia in the 1870s, based on the case of the development of the Charter on military service. The objectives of this article include identifying an algorithm for discussing a proposed government decision and indicating the characteristic features of the chosen method of solving issues of state importance. The basic method in solving these problems is the textual analysis of the document, conventionally designated by the publishers as “A.A. Shcherbatov on the issues of the terms of military service”. The result was the definition of four phases in the process of preparing and making government decisions. Each phase has a specific load. For the first phase — the formation of ideas of army professionals about the needs of the troops, in the transition to a new principle of their formation. For the second phase — the approbation of these ideas in society and the correction of the outlined plans. For the third phase — clarification of the developed provisions in polemics with representatives of “interest groups” that developed at that time in the management elite. For the fourth phase — the consolidation of the reform elements formed during the discussion process at the state level.

The article concerns the study of the process of reorganization of regional and local government in the Soviet Union on the basis of the principle of production branch. This problem is not only of scientific, but also practical interest, since it makes it possible to take into account the experience of failed reforms in improving the system of regional and municipal government. Based on the analysis of decisions made by the highest party bodies, regulatory documents, press, archival sources, the content of the reform, its implementation and results are considered. The reform of the CPSU committees, councils and their executive committees at the regional and local levels significantly destabilized the situation in many spheres of the country’s life: party and state administration in the center and localities, management of economic sectors and led to a reduction in the pace of development, a decrease in the standard of living of the population and contributed to a change of establishment of the USSR.

A series of incessant crises of the world and national economy testifies to the fact that the models of production relations and productive forces that have developed in the second half of the last century are losing their relevance due to the exhaustion of opportunities for increasing efficiency due to the evolutionary modernization of technologies and management methods. Currently, the world is at the initial stage of a new industrial revolution, in a stage of transformation when innovations from various fields of activity mutually penetrate and change each other. New, avalanche-like technologies are significantly changing the situation in the established markets. Radical reformatting of management methods, sales channels of finished products, rethinking of logistics approaches, robotization of production, all this leads to increased productivity, reduction of non-productive costs, and a change in the structure of the gross product. Commercial success comes to market participants who widely introduce and use new knowledge and technologies, to investors who are not afraid of the risks of fundamental research. The article deals with the transformation of economic entities in the form of a radical restructuring of economic ties and a change in approaches to managing the life cycle of production, operational and commercial activities of an enterprise based on digital technologies.

The article examines the issues in the areas of communications, education and healthcare which become urgent because of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the base of the reviewed content, it is concluded that the current crisis has caused the main damage to human capital and digitalization is not a panacea for the pressing problems. As a result, one of the necessary mechanisms for their solution is the organization of innovation clusters. 

The theoretical research methods used in the article are logical, statistical and deductive methods, analysis and synthesis, generalization and concretization. The empirical methods used in the article are deductive method, statistical analysis, comparison, interpretation. 

To support the thesis, the activity of innovation cluster in solving the problems is described on the basis of economic theory and real business practice during the crisis. So, self-organization and cooperation of participating enterprises, personal communication and synergy of education and work make innovation cluster the key element of innovation policy. Then, it is stated that the complexity of this mechanism is offset by the effect in the long term. 

The practical significance of the article is the application of the innovation cluster methodology in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis for the development of the future of the innovative economy.

The presented article is devoted to the current problems of the development of metropolitan agglomerations on the example of the Moscow agglomeration using the resources of interregional and inter-municipal cooperation. The Moscow metropolitan agglomeration is the largest in Europe both in terms of territory and in terms of the population living in it. Its modern structure differs from other world metropolitan agglomerations (Paris, London, Tokyo, Mexico City, etc.) in that Moscow, as the center of the agglomeration, takes the initiative of the development center of the entire Moscow megaregion. Its role is that it becomes a driver of economic growth not only for the economies of neighboring regions and municipalities of the Moscow Region, but also for municipalities of neighboring regions bordering the Moscow Region. A new model of interregional and inter-municipal interaction is being formed, significant for the state as a whole: after all, industry, business and labor resources are concentrated here, innovative high-tech products are produced. The article presents a reproductive approach to the development of agglomeration as a form of internal and external interaction of territories. The effects of this form of interaction, which are expressed in the general improvement of the quality of development of all socio-economic processes both in individual territories and in agglomeration as a whole, have been identified: intensification of migration flows both at the level of external migration and at the level of internal migration in administrative-territorial entities, increasing the degree of accessibility of public transport and social services, etc. Together, the identified private effects form a synergistic result of the transformation of a simple set of territories into a complex, interconnected, effectively functioning mechanism. The following methods were used to conduct research: comparative analysis, content analysis, graphic, system approach.

Recently, 2018 marked the centenary of such dates as the signing of the Brest peace, the establishment of diplomatic relations between Soviet Russia and Germany, and the November revolution in Germany. However, the details of the activities of the Soviet diplomatic mission in Berlin and especially in Hamburg, where the Consulate was opened, are still not fully disclosed. Discovered in the Russian state archive of socio-political history (RGASPI), the memo of Consul George Solomon touches on various aspects and aspects, including behindthe-scenes communications and negotiations, of the activities of the first soviet diplomats. The conclusion of a contract with a coal syndicate for the supply of fuel to Petrograd, assistance to fellow prisoners of war, pictures of the November revolution and the January events of 1919, the arrests of employees of the Soviet mission — all this the reader will find in the memo of Solomon, who later became a non-returning emigrant and made his name.

Relevance of the topic. The development of tourist and recreational specialization contributes to the sustainable growth of socio-economic indicators of small towns and territories, has a positive impact on employment and rejuvenation of the workforce. Attraction of tourist flows is possible by optimizing the use of resource potential and involvement in popular routes, the formation of infrastructure of new types of tourism: environmental, agricultural. Problem. Tourist and recreational resources of small towns are not used effectively, due to the remoteness of the territories from the main tourist routes and transport and logistics corridors. The purpose of the article: substantiation of the directions of increasing the efficiency of the use of tourist and recreational resources of small towns of Tula and Vladimir regions, Perm region. Methods: system approach, situational analysis, formal logical method, dialectical method of socioeconomic processes research. Results. The importance of the resource base for the development of tourism and recreation is characterized, the positive effect for the development of territories and municipalities is revealed. An important role at the present stage of formation of the prerequisites for sustainable growth of regions acquire applied research areas of natural resource, cultural, historical and infrastructure potential. The analysis of tourist and recreational resources of small towns of Tula and Vladimir regions, Perm region is presented. Economic indicators of development of the sphere of tourism of the chosen subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The main problems of the use of tourist and recreational resources of small towns are identified and a set of measures to solve them is proposed. Main conclusions. The main problems of the use of tourist and recreational resources of small towns are identified and a set of measures to solve them is proposed.

The article analyzes the case of building and development of the Chinese business group in steel industry. The author reviews the concept of business groups, the purpose of their building, as well as government initiatives aimed at supporting their development in the context of the reform of state enterprises. Further, the analysis of the structure of the China Baowu Steel Group, as well as the classification of member enterprises according to the four-level management system of business groups adopted by the state bodies of China, is provided. The third part is devoted to the development of the China Baowu Steel Group in accordance with the priorities of the state industrial policy.