This paper investigates the pivotal role of integrated territorial development (ITD) in ensuring regional economic security. The study’s relevance stems from the need to reassess traditional approaches to territorial development in the face of contemporary challenges. The methodology is based on a systems-based, institutional, and spatial approach, employing both general scientific and specialized methods. The primary focus is on analyzing the interrelationship between the social and environmental aspects of ITD and their impact on the sustainability of regional economic systems. The research identifies new opportunities associated with digitalization, the “green” economy, and human capital development. Implementation mechanisms for ITD are examined, including financial instruments and institutional frameworks. The conclusion emphasizes the critical role of the state in ensuring economic security through ITD and the necessity of integrating the efforts of business and society.