The strengthening of foreign policy pressure, the increase and complication of internal and external threats to the national economy increase the importance of forming a new approach to ensuring the economic security of the state. The purpose of the study is to determine the approach to ensuring economic security that most adequately meets the existing ones in modern times, external and internal threats to the national economy. Considering economic security as ensuring the protection of the economy from external and internal threats and its ability to effectively meet public needs, an attempt is made to explore the development of approaches to ensuring economic security. According to the results of the study, the cybernetic approach to ensuring economic security can become a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of state policy in the field of economic security, capable of responding to today’s challenges, such as the growth of inequality and structural imbalances in economic development.