Molchanov Igor N.

In a changing reality, the topical problem for research is the choice of means and tools for managing the national economy of Russia at the expense of internal development resources. Optimization of economic activity and entering the trajectory of sustainable growth can be achieved with a combination of market rules and planning principles, the use of which is very successfully achieved through strategic documents and government programs, and historical experience confirms the high eff ectiveness of this approach in several countries around the world. To solve the set research tasks, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and content analysis, and expert assessments are used. Based on the legislative and regulatory framework of strategic planning, scientifi c publications of scientists, the article analyzes the practice of developing and implementing state programs and national projects, the current state of program-targeted activities, and identifi es problems that hinder it in the context of strengthening the economic security of the Russian state. It is shown that as the methodological foundations of strategic planning evolve at diff erent stages of economic development, its contribution to the management of the national economy increases. The key role of the coordinating function in the work of the Government aimed at streamlining the tools of economic programming and the application of innovative methods and technologies in the development and implementation of program documents has been established. Certain shortcomings of the strategy mechanism and formulated approaches to its improvement have been identified. The expediency of developing strategic planning tools in the new geopolitical reality is justified. The demand for studying advanced domestic and foreign practices to develop the institution of orientation planning as the basis of the planned strategic management system in Russia has been proven.

The article reveals the evolution of planning activities in the Soviet Union during the years of Soviet power and in Russia during the transition to market relations. The study used a historical approach, methods of induction and deduction, content analysis, and expert assessments. The distinctive features of the first, second, and third pre-war five-year plans, and the specific features of the mobilization economy during the Great Patriotic War are summarized. The main tasks of the fourth, fifth, sixth post-war five-year plans and the seven-year plan of 1959-1965, as well as the achievements and difficulties of this period of socialist construction, are highlighted. The reasons for abandoning the directive nature of planning and switching to indicative planning in the 1980s, as well as for developing plans for economic and social development of the USSR in the early 1990s are analyzed. The timeliness of the transition from command-administrative to market forms of management is substantiated. The results of application of methods and instruments of directive and indicative planning, mechanisms of administrative-economic and economic regulation at various stages of functioning of the national economy of the country are illustrated. The factors of transformation of the Russian economy in the post-Soviet period are shown. The need for activation of activities on strategic management and planning in the post-Soviet economic space is revealed. The advantages of development of strategic documents at the subnational level are established. Recommendations on dissemination of methodological bases and practice of strategizing in territorial and sectoral sections are formulated.