Articles

This article discusses the preparation and adoption of the law on the organization of municipal government in Paris in April 1834. It examines the draft law and its amendments, as well as the discussions on the reform in the Chamber of Deputies. The article reveals that there were two different approaches to the Paris government structure, which emerged during the parliamentary debates. These approaches were based on two models of relations between the government and the capital city of Paris. The legislators involved in developing the reform adhered to these models. The article also discusses the conflict between these approaches in the context of a clash between the interests of the city authorities and the national government over control of the city. This article attempts to reconstruct the history of the 1834 reform, which has not been thoroughly explored.

The article presents a study of the role of the press as the primary tool for organizational development and ideological consolidation of the Action Party (Partito d’Azione, PdA) in Italy during its formative period (1942–1944).

The first part details the party's historical origins, its organizational formation within the left wing of the anti-fascist movement, and the creation of its official printed organ—the newspaper “L’Italia Libera” (January 1943). The article analyzes the key functions of the party press (informational, mobilizational, ideological, organizational-coordinating, and consolidating) and the methods of underground publishing that allowed it to adapt to the conditions of secrecy, repression, war, and resource scarcity: a decentralized network of printing houses, “safe houses,” a strict secrecy regime, and a specialized editorial team. Based on archival materials, the PD's programmatic statements, memoirs, and underground publications, the authors demonstrate how “L’Italia Libera” shaped the party's ideological image, heroized its fighters, debunked the myths of the fascist regime, and proposed an alternative for Italy's post-war political structure. The research emphasizes that the printed organ became the main tool for the PD's organizational development, contributing to its transformation into one of the leading forces of the Italian Resistance.

The article is devoted to the issues of adapting modern education system to rapid technological development, especially in light of the emergence and rapid spread of artificial intelligence services. The author emphasizes the need for rethinking traditional approaches to education and proposes a concept of an educational ecosystem aimed at enhancing individualized learning approach for the new generation (digital natives). Requirements are considered for developing new professional competencies both among future specialists in public administration and teachers, including the ability to effectively interact with neural networks. The idea of forming “neurocompetence” among educators is substantiated, which will contribute to creating comfortable conditions for quality education in the era of emerging advanced technologies. An example is given of implementing the intelligent digital assistant “La France grammaticale” into teaching French language at Faculty of Public Administration.

Network-centric public governance offers clear advantages, yet its effective adoption requires overcoming a set of constraints and charting practical implementation pathways. Drawing on a comparative analysis of centralized and decentralized governance systems, the article details the benefits of a network-centric approach, including enhanced data generation, storage, distribution and exchange; greater system resilience; improved discovery and use of data; and stronger assurance of data veracity and trust in data sources. It explicates core principles of network-centric governance—decentralization, openness, interactivity, flexibility, technological integration, collaboration, and security—and identifies key implementation challenges such as cyber threats, the digital divide, technological dependency, diffusion (decentralization) of authority, technological risks, and legal risks. The study also outlines the ontological foundations of network-centric public governance, provides a comparative assessment of hierarchical, network, and network-centric governance models, and substantiates the conceptual specificities of network-centric state management. The conclusion argues for the development of hybrid managerial systems that integrate hierarchical and network-centric logics of coordination. Implementing a network-centric approach opens promising avenues for optimizing public governance.

The article discusses a new approach in healthcare related to the identification of digital determinants of health, which has recently become widespread in the analysis of healthcare problems. Consideration of the main conceptual provisions showed that, despite their importance for understanding health problems, further research of digital determinants of health is required, in particular, it is necessary to determine their relationship with other determinants of health, first of all social and economic.

Based on Rosstat data, a general description of the state of selected digital determinants in Russia is given, in particular, Internet accessibility, the main areas of its use in terms of health protection, the state of digitalization of medical services are considered. It is concluded that despite the fact that digitalization is an important priority for the development of modern healthcare in Russia, further research is needed on its impact not just on individual parameters of health care system, but also on the impact on the final result — improving population health. Th e approach of digital determinants of health seems to provide a solid theoretical and practical basis for solving this problem.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the pharmaceutical lifecycle —from discovery to manufacturing and safety oversight. In discovery, AI accelerates target identification, molecular design, and repurposing (e.g., baricitinib; rentosertib), while the DSP-1181 experience highlights the risk of structural conservatism. In clinical development, AI supports patient stratification, digital-twin-informed design, and automated analysis, improving statistical power and operational speed. In manufacturing, predictive analytics, computer vision, and knowledge-graph-assisted documentation enhance quality and throughput. Pharmacovigilance benefits from natural language processing (NLP) — enabled signal detection and workflow automation. Emerging uses in antibody engineering and personalized therapy broaden its scope, but real-world benefit hinges on data quality, rigorous validation, transparency, and regulatory alignment (including real-world evidence).

The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence(AI) capabilities into the healthcare system creates new requirements and conditions for the training of medical personnel. Th e article is devoted to the study of modern challenges, aspects of methodology and the prospect of training specialists for successful work with AI technologies. Th is study contains an analysis of the most relevant areas for the application of AI systems, an analysis of the requirements for the competencies of specialists, innovations in the educational process and ethical aspects. Special attention is paid to building trust in new technologies, overcoming long-standing organizational barriers and creating modern training programs. Th e results of the study show the importance of a systematic approach to personnel training, taking into account technical education, critical thinking and ethical and psychological training.