Articles

The current direction of studying the problems of quality of education is to identify the relationship and interdependence of the quality of education and the competitiveness of an educational organization. Both approaches deserve attention from the standpoint of achieving a result that is designed to meet the needs of stakeholders, on the one hand, in training a specialist with a professional education, on the other hand, a specialist in demand by the labor market who has the necessary set of universal and professional competencies. Quality and competitiveness are the objects of analysis, evaluation and management, determining the strategic directions of the development of an educational organization. To study the characteristics of the quality of education and their impact on the competitiveness of education, it is important to identify the processes that affect the quality of education and ensure its competitiveness. There is a relationship between the processes, which should be the object of management in the quality management system of an educational organization. To conduct the research, general scientific methods of cognition were used, which made it possible to approach the basic definitions related to the specifics of education quality management from an analytical point of view. Approaches to establishing the relationship between the quality of education and financial support from the standpoint of existing regulatory documents allowed us to interpret various options for the competitiveness of educational organizations and focus on the increasing need for the development and implementation of a quality management system in educational organizations as a set of internal documents characterizing the quality assurance of education.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the process of transition in the country's social policy from the protection of motherhood and childhood to the protection of women's rights in 1990-1993 during the work of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. At present, the state faces the task of raising demography and its solution is associated with the experience of the previous period. The article used comparative-historical, historical-systemic, logical and cause-and-effect methods. Scientific novelty is due to documents that have not been introduced into scientific circulation: documents of the office documentation of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. Documents reflecting statistical data were also used: the report of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, prepared by the Government of the Russian Federation, and data from the periodicals of the specified years. The study shows that in the late 1980s, due to changing socio-economic conditions and the transition to a market economy, which required a clearer formulation of the rights of participants in market relations, the transformation of Soviet state policy in the field of motherhood and childhood protection began. In the Russian Federation, attempts to move from the abstract concept of protecting motherhood and childhood to considering women's rights within the framework of the concept of human rights have not yet succeeded in the period under review. But at that time, the foundations were laid for the transition in the 1990s to a policy that considers women's rights as a system of individual rights, which better corresponds to the realities of a market economy.

The strengthening of foreign policy pressure, the increase and complication of internal and external threats to the national economy increase the importance of forming a new approach to ensuring the economic security of the state. The purpose of the study is to determine the approach to ensuring economic security that most adequately meets the existing ones in modern times, external and internal threats to the national economy. Considering economic security as ensuring the protection of the economy from external and internal threats and its ability to effectively meet public needs, an attempt is made to explore the development of approaches to ensuring economic security. According to the results of the study, the cybernetic approach to ensuring economic security can become a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of state policy in the field of economic security, capable of responding to today’s challenges, such as the growth of inequality and structural imbalances in economic development.

Today, competition is positioned as the main tool for increasing market efficiency, including in the social sphere. Annual monitoring of the state of competition is carried out across regions, roadmaps and target indicators are developed. The article analyzes the effectiveness of institutional design of competition in regional markets in the social sphere. Based on the example of indicators of population satisfaction with the level of prices and quality in the markets of regions, the absence of significant changes in the level of competition in them was demonstrated. A conclusion is made about a formal approach to the development of measures to develop competition. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are given for building models of service markets in the social sphere. The conditions for the institutional design of competition have been established: reducing the difference between service providers in the public and commercial sectors in the economic aspect, observing restrictions on the territorial criterion (development of competition in large cities and towns). Market segments in which it is advisable to introduce competition mechanisms are identified. In particular, in the medical services market, the greatest effect can be achieved by introducing competitive mechanisms in primary health care, and in the social services market - in the home care segment. Other segments of the mentioned markets have fairly high barriers to entry, primarily of an economic nature, so stimulating competition in them will be unjustifiably expensive. The markets for preschool education, additional education for children, children's recreation and health improvement do not have such restrictions. For the selected segments, recommendations were formulated for the development of competition in the markets for social services.

In modern historical science, one of the explanations for the causes of the revolutionary events of 1917 is the assertion that the political regime that existed in the country at the beginning of the last century was an obstacle to the movement of society forward. This should also manifest itself in a slowdown in the development of social infrastructure. In this regard, the article, for the first time in Russian science, sets the goal of giving a comprehensive de- scription of the development of social infrastructure in Russia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Particular attention is paid to those areas of infrastructure, the influence of the state on the state and development prospects of which is especially noticeable. These include public health, education, development of science and technology, and transport. To achieve this goal, primarily systematic, historical and comparative methods, as well as factor analysis, were used. The result of the study was the conclusion about the progressive development of the above areas of social infrastructure in the decades preceding the revolution, which was largely determined by the activities of public authorities.

Historical policy is an important tool in the implementation of the policy of building national unity. The object of the article is the activity of the Russian state in the second half of the 15th century. on the formation of a new model of historical politics. The subject of the article is historical politics as a way to overcome the crisis of legitimacy and form a new state paradigm. The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions for the forma- tion of a new model of historical politics, based on the principle of translatio imperii, as well as the forms of transition to this model. The key method is a comparative analysis of texts, ritualized actions and material objects, which, in their totality, constituted the basis of a new model of historical memory. The conclusion is that the main condition for the transition to a new model of his- torical memory has been determined. This is a contradiction between the new ways of exercising state power, and historical ideas about power and manage- ment, which have developed on the basis of the ancient Russian “patrimonial” tradition.

This article addresses the pressing issue of administrative liability for legal entities within the Russian Federation. The relevance of the chosen topic is underscored by the need to adapt the existing system of administrative penalties to contemporary societal conditions and demands, as well as to imple- ment administrative reform.

The research methodology is founded on a comprehensive approach that encompasses the analysis of the legal framework, doctrinal sources, case law, and empirical sociological research. The use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) alongside specialized legal methods (formal legal, comparative legal) enables a thorough investigation of the current mecha- nisms of administrative influence and their practical application.

The findings of the study include an assessment of the effectiveness of the existing system of administrative penalties, an analysis of legislative gaps and issues, and the proposal of new types of punishments, such as license revocation and compulsory liquidation of legal entities for non-compliance with sanctions. The author argues for the necessity of a judicial process to apply these new measures and justifies their proportionality and fairness.

The conclusion of the work highlights the importance of the proposed changes for strengthening legality and order, as well as for protecting the rights and interests of citizens. The author’s suggestions may contribute to the improve- ment of law enforcement practices and legislative activities in the Russian Fed- eration, which would deepen theoretical knowledge in the field of administrative liability and enhance the effectiveness of administrative penalties. 

This work is dedicated to the exploration of regional initiatives for state support of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Russian Federation. SMEs play a crucial role in the country’s economic development, and the government actively promotes their growth through various programs and initiatives. Despite the existence of a complex set of financial, informational, and legal instruments at the national level, regions devise specific actions tailored to the unique needs of the labor market, resource base, and other factors. The objective of this work is to identify the characteristics of regional initia- tives for state support of SMEs, taking into account both internal and external factors influencing their success. To achieve this goal, a combination of general scientific and specific methods is employed, including content analysis and comparative analysis.

The research findings indicate that regional initiatives for state support can significantly contribute to the development of SMEs. However, the success of such initiatives depends on multiple factors, including effective management, accessibility of financial resources, and the level of entrepreneur involvement.

Scope of application of the research results: activities of regional authori- ties, entrepreneurs, researchers in the field of entrepreneurship theory and practice, addressing issues related to the support of small and medium-sized businesses.

The conclusions of this research underscore the importance of collabora- tion between government entities and entrepreneurs in creating effective mecha- nisms to support SMEs, reinforcing the position of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation’s economy, and fostering its sustainable socio-economic developm  

The transition to low-carbon development assumes the develop- ment of mechanisms for the implementation of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050 at a regional level. Given the projected estimates of the Russian economy’s growth, the task of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions seems extremely difficult. In these conditions, the most effective way to achieve the planned indicators is to develop regional development strategies, taking into account decarbonization programs of the largest regional business players. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the prospects for coordinating regional and corporate strategies for low-carbon development. Projects to achieve carbon neutrality are present in the program documents of the largest Russian energy companies, such as Gazprom, Rosneft, Tatneft, etc., which play a key role in the economic development of the regions of their presence and provide the main contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve the goal, an interdisciplin- ary approach was used and methods of comparative analysis and systematization of statistical data were applied. Using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is shown that combining regional and corporate development policies is prom- ising for the transition to low-carbon development. Coordination of regional and corporate strategies assumes environmental management with taking into account the carbon intensity of the economy, the potential for carbon absorption of natural ecosystems and energy efficiency improvements as part of the ESG agenda implemented by companies.

In view of the increasing importance of the Middle East direction in Russian foreign policy, it seems relevant to study the history of ideas about Russia and attitudes towards it in the region. The article examines the evolution of the image of Russia in the Greek environment of the late Ottoman period. Traditionally, Orthodox Greeks, counting on Russian patronage to protect their rights and help in the liberation struggle, acted as allies of Russia in the fight against the Ottoman Empire. However, the acquisition by the Greeks of their own national statehood, the growth of national movements in the region and the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War contributed to the revision of the previ- ous positive image of our country, which was gradually subject to peyorization and demonization.