The evolution of governance theories and practices in China (1978–2025)

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of conceptual distinctions between administrative management and state governance in the context of transformation of the Chinese system of power. The study justifies its relevance through the prism of a paradigmatic shift in the philosophy of power, reflected in the semantic transition from 行政管理 (xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ) to 国家治理 (guó jiā zhì lǐ). The research methodology is based on historical-genetic and comparative analysis of Western theories of public administration (traditional administration, NPM, NPS, Good Governance) and their Chinese reception. The results reveal fundamental ontological divergences between Western liberal-democratic conceptions and the Chinese approach to governance modernization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Key parameters of transformation are identified: the expansion of governance actors, diversification of regulatory methods, and shifts in efficiency criteria and foundations of legitimacy. The conclusion underscores the distinctiveness of China’s trajectory, which represents an approach to governance modernization characterized by Chinese specificity and driven by technological and managerial innovations.

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