Articles

The article reveals the main causes of modern bureaucracy, rooted in the structure of the system of public administration, the configuration of the interests of the whole society, the ruling political and administrative elites. The specifics of digital bureaucracy associated with the use of information, communication, network technologies and automated devices to implement the selfish interests of managers, their departure from the control of citizens and society are revealed. Modern forms of bureaucratic use of digitalization are characterized. The dependence of the scale and forms of manifestation of digital bureaucracy on the position of the ruling elite, the presence of its political will and determination in eliminating this managerial pathology is revealed. A set of measures to improve the effectiveness of the fight against digital bureaucracy is substantiated.

The article discusses the issues and directions of regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI). The existing approaches to legal, ethical and technical regulation of AI at the national and international levels are analyzed, their shortcomings and limitations are revealed. A detailed analysis of various approaches to AI regulation (soft, hard, neutral, ethical, technical) is presented. The need for a balanced, integrated approach to regulation is emphasized, which will stimulate the development of AI, while minimizing risks and ensuring the protection of citizens' rights. It is shown that choosing an approach to AI regulation is a matter of balancing innovation, safety and ethics, which should take into account the interests of all parties, not just those who develop and use these technologies. It is concluded that the formation of an effective AI regulatory system is a difficult but extremely important task to ensure its safe and ethical development.

The relevance of improving the forms of interaction between business and the state is due to the need to improve the efficiency of managing socio-economic development in the face of modern challenges. Against the background of globalization, digitalization and growing demands for the sustainability of economic systems, there is a need for new approaches to cooperation between government agencies and the private sector. Successful cooperation allows us to ensure a balance of interests of society, business and the state, contributing to the achievement of strategic goals of economic growth and social well-being. The study is based on a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the evolution of the established practices of interaction between business and the state in Russia at specific historical stages, as well as an analysis of their effectiveness. Statistical data analysis and expert interviews with representatives of government agencies and business communities were used to assess the effectiveness of modern mechanisms. The results of the study showed that one of the most promising areas is the introduction of flexible and adaptive forms of interaction that take into account the specifics of regional characteristics and the sectoral structure of the economy.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, the problems of national unity in the light of the concept of Russia's civilizational identity. Taking into account the growing turbulence of the modern world, the authors stress the importance of measures to ensure the national security of various states associated with the understanding of their civilizational identity, their role and place on the world stage. These processes directly affect Russia. The understanding of Russia as a distinctive state-civilization is currently enshrined in official documents. The task arises of ensuring Russia's civilizational security, which is closely related to ethnopolitical security. However, solving the problems arising in this area - first of all, the problem of ensuring all-Russian national unity - faces a number of difficulties. They are connected mainly with the insufficiently clear elaboration of ideas about the content of Russian civic identity. The latter, as experts note, should take into greater account the importance of the ethnocultural factor in the life of the country. Understanding the role of this factor and its place in the system of governmental administration is now an urgent task for government authorities and the expert community.

The article is devoted to a number of problematic issues of conceptualizing the state and is aimed at overcoming common errors in reasoning on this phenomenon, on its features, elements, functions and other characteristics, on the classifications of states, on the origin of the state and on the evolutionism in its development and in the development of its notion.

In the first part of the article the author analyzes the emergence and expanse of the term “state”, the differences in its use in different languages and the specifics in perception of the state in different cultures. He substantiates the naturalness and inevitability of problems in defining the state, analyzes typical approaches to its understanding, argues the unsuitability of legal definitions of the state for revealing its essence and the need to focus on drawing up practically functional legal constructions.

The relatively recently formed academic discipline of Data Science has taken a strong position in the structure of sciences and includes the top concepts of our time: artificial intelligence, big data, digitalization, etc. The article reveals the development of data science at one of the divisions of Lomonosov Moscow State University - the Faculty of Public Administration. Taking into account the specifics/profile of the faculty, the article considers such industry areas/applications of Data Science as management, personnel management, regional administration, national security issues, social management, electoral behavior, migration processes, problems of civil service ethics. The results of applying Data Science methods, tools and technologies in these areas are consistently presented: adaptation of the data science methodology to management and socio-economic disciplines, introduction of new metrics for studying the state, society, individual organizations. The importance of cooperation between the faculty and the Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russian scientific foundations, government bodies and administration, and foreign partners is emphasized. The article reveals the scientific and organizational activities (conferences, scientific seminars, publications) of the faculty as an important factor in the institutionalization of data science in Russia. It is noted that this science is historically inextricably linked with public administration. The article also discusses the prospects for data science in the near future, the role of Moscow University as a leader in scientific knowledge and the contribution that the faculty has made to the development of data science. The article also shows how, on the foundation of scientific research in Data Science, new master's programs, new disciplines for bachelor's and master's degrees have been created at the faculty. It is especially important that this area of science is not localized in one department; more than half of the departments of the faculty participate in it.

A new round of technological revolution combined with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies has led to the fact that generative artificial intelligence (GII) has opened an era of deep integration between artificial intelligence and education. GII determines the introduction of new teaching scenarios in higher education institutions and generally contributes to the high-quality development of higher education. The article is a study of the possibilities and limitations of using GII in higher education. The uniqueness of the material consists in the use of a wide range of materials in Chinese, which allows us to compare domestic and Chinese educational practices and enrich Russian approaches to understanding the role of GII in the educational space. Despite the fact that the use of GII is of great importance for higher education, it also creates certain potential and real risks, among which one can highlight the alienation of the "academic spirit" among students and teachers, risks in teacher-student interaction, as well as information security risks. It is concluded that in the context of digital transformation, the use of GII in higher education has significant essential consequences, including both positive ones (expanding opportunities for working with information from all educational subjects, more active involvement of students in the educational space through the formation and content selection, reducing the burden on teachers by performing routine tasks of GII), and negative results in the form of ethical dilemmas, equality of access to higher education, a decrease in the quality of higher education, leveling the role of the teacher in the educational process. Based on the identified limitations and opportunities for the implementation of GII, recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of management of educational and administrative processes in the field of higher education.

The problem of assessment and trust validation of applied artificial intelligence systems is examined. Despite the diversity of studies in this area, it is shown that in fact there is no unified approach to trust validation. At the same time, different researchers emphasize one or another aspect of trust without attempting to cover the problem as a whole. The trust feature is reduced to an emotional characteristic, the constructive meaning of which in the context of artificial intelligence systems lifecycle management is not defined. In some cases there is an unjustified ‘humanization’ of the concept of trust, as a result of which the characteristics of a technical system are completely replaced by the subjective treatment of its creators, suppliers or owners.

The paper attempts to substantiate a holistic trust model for artificial intelligence systems based on formalization of the relationship between trust and system quality. In this case the paper shows that the characteristic of trust can be used to make a decision by the operator, regulators and other interested parties about the possibility (or impossibility) to use the system as intended in certain operating conditions. The main aspects of trust are identified, taking into account both the general issues of trust in automated systems (technical reliability, information security and import independence) and the specifics of AI systems based on machine learning algorithms (functional correctness), and an approach to evaluating the characteristics of the artificial intelligence systems according to these aspects is proposed.

The obtained results can be used for the development of conformity assessment system in the field of AI technologies, as well as for the selection of systems that provide the solution of intelligent data processing tasks in various industries and social sphere.

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of a new scientific discipline – Bricsology. The paper examines the key stages of the evolution of the BRICS, the role of this group in the modern system of global governance and its importance for each of the member countries. It is argued that this international format, representing a real Concert of civilizations, is today an important construction of the emerging polycentric world. The main milestones in the study of the BRICS at the School of Public Administration are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Department of International Organizations and Global Governance Issues, whose staff has been actively researching problems related to the functioning of the alliance since the early 2010s. The long-term work on the implementation of International BRICS Models on the basis of the School of Public Administration is separately noted. The author comes to the conclusion that at the moment a new interdisciplinary knowledge system has already been created at the Moscow State University School of Public Administration – Bricsology. The study of this discipline in the context of changing historical epochs and the creation of a multipolar world is a prerequisite for the training of highly qualified specialists.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the background, history and current state of research on issues of ensuring equality between men and women in Russia (gender studies). The gender system exists in any society, determining the behavior, social roles, professions, self-awareness of people depending on gender. The formation of this system (or gender order) is influenced by the forms and types of basic social institutions (such as family, education, economics, politics, religion), as well as the prevailing ideology, cultural norms and values in society. Achieving and observing gender equality is considered by the world community as a necessary condition for the development of social progress. This approach is enshrined in official international documents of the UN, which Russia joined in different years. Gender studies are an interdisciplinary scientific field that studies inequalities in all spheres of human and social activity, and in this sense, they influence public policy, various programs and projects aimed at solving the problems of existing gender inequality. The article briefly presents the history of the emergence of gender studies in Russia, their connection with the policy of ensuring equal rights for women and men and the possibilities of their implementation; the evolution of analytical and organizational principles of the research conducted, as well as their implementation in management institutions at the national, regional and global levels; the current state and vectors of gender studies in Russia are considered; various measurement methods that appear in the study of promising areas of knowledge at the interdisciplinary junction of scientific research of different disciplines are shown.